RSA Rule 26 (a) (4)-2 Publication of Transaction and Quotations No broker or dealer, or associated person or salesman of a broker or dealer, shall publish or circulate, or cause to be published or circulated, any notice, circular, advertisement, newspaper article, investment service, or communication of any kind which purports to report any transaction as a purchase or sale of any security unless such person believes that such transaction was a bona fide purchase or sale of such security; or which purports to quote the bid price or asked price for any security, unless such person believes that such quotation represents a bona fide bid for, or offer of, such security. RSA Rule 26 (a) (4)-3 Payment to Influence Market Prices No broker or dealer shall, directly or indirectly, give, permit to be given, or offer to give, anything of value to any person for the purpose of influencing or rewarding the action of such person in connection with the publication or circulation in any newspaper, investment service, or similar publication, of any matter which has, or is intended to have, an effect upon the market price of any security, provided that this rule shall not be construed to apply to matter which is clearly distinguishable as paid advertising. RSA Rule 27 (a)-I Short Sales Definition of Short Sale - The term "short sale" shall mean any sale of a security which the seller does not own or any sale which is consummated by the delivery of a security borrowed by, or for the account of the seller. A person shall be deemed to own a security if: (1) he or his agent has title to it; (2) he has purchased, or has entered into an unconditional contract, binding on both parties thereto, to purchase it and has not yet received it; (3) he owns a security convertible into or exchangeable for it and has tendered such security for conversion or exchange; (4) he has an option to purchase or acquire it and has exercised such option; or (5) he has rights or warrants to subscribe to it and has exercised such rights or warrants; provided, however, that a person shall be deemed to own securities only to the extent he has a net long position in such securities. Determination of Good Delivery - No broker or dealer shall accept a long sale order from a customer unless he has made a determination that the customer owns the security and will deliver it in good deliverable form within three (3) business days of the execution of the order. The determination must include a notation on the order ticket at the time the order is taken which reflects the conversation with the customer as to the present location of the securities, whether they are in good deliverable form, and the customer's ability to make delivery. Execution of Short Sale - No broker or dealer shall use any facility of a securities exchange to effect a short sale of any security unless (1) at a price higher than the last sale or (2) at the price of the last sale if and only if that price is above next preceding different sale price on such day. Failure to Deliver - No person shall, directly or indirectly, by the use of any facility of a securities exchange, effect a short sale in a security registered or listed on any securities exchange, where the seller does not intend to make delivery of the securities within the period specified in the contract. Failure on the part of the seller to make delivery on such date will be taken by the Commission as prima facie evidence of the lack of intention on his part to make such delivery. Mandatory Close-Out - A contract involving a short sale which has not resulted in delivery by the broker or dealer representing the seller within 10 business days after the normal settlement date must be closed by the broker or dealer representing the seller by purchasing for cash or guaranteed delivery securities of like kind and quantity. Directors, Officers or Principal Stockholders - No director, officer or principal stockholder of a corporation shall make a short sale in securities of the corporation in which he is a director, officer or principal stockholder. Order for Short Sale - Upon receiving an order to sell short, the term 'short ' should be indicated on the selling order and throughout all the records pertinent to the sale. Prior to acceptance of any short sale order, the broker or dealer shall arrange to borrow the securities to make delivery by settlement date. Exempt Transactions - Paragraph (c) hereof shall not apply to any short sale (1) by an odd-lot dealer to offset the odd-lot orders of customers and (2) by an odd-lot dealer to liquidate a long position which is less than the unit of trading; Provided, however, that the net change in the position of such odd-lot dealer after any such short sale is not more than the unit of trading in such security. Prohibition of Short Sale - This rule notwithstanding, a securities exchange may prohibit short selling in the exchange indefinitely or for such period of time as it may deem-necessary or advisable for the protection of investors, and the Commission may also prohibit short selling on any exchange as an emergency measure or whenever the same is necessary or appropriate in the public interest or for the protection of investors. Penalties for Violations - Any person who violates this rule shall be penalized by a fine of not more than Fifty Thousand P50,000 for each order or transaction; Provided, that where a broker or dealer has been found to have violated this rule twice, his license as broker or dealer may, at the discretion of the Commission, be suspended. REFERENCES Current Conditions and Future Prospects of Competition Policy in the Philippines by Epictectus E. Patalinghug, a paper presented tot he APEC/PFP Course in Competition Policy for APEC Member Economies, 18-21 March 1997, Bangkok, Thailand Setting Agenda for Competition Policy in the Philippines, Free Trade Asia Consulting, Makati, Philippines. The Law on Trademarks, Trade Names and Unfair Competition, by Atty. Juliana Azarraga (Vol. 97 SCRA 186-185) The Competition Policy of Japan, by Mr. Hideaki Kobayashi, APEC, PFP Course in Competition Policy, 18-21 March, 1997, Bangkok, Thailand View from the Business World on Competition Laws and Policies, in Japan, by Mr. Kazumasa Abl, Nippon Steel Corp., Japan International Development of Competition Policy, by Mr. Walter T. Winslow, Competition and Consumer Policy Division (OECD), 19 March 1997, Bangkok, Thailand. The Development of Competition Law/Policy -- A Case of Chinese Taipei, by Ming-Yen Tseng, Fair Trade Commission, Chinese Taipei. The Role and Importance of Competition Policy, by Mr. Hsien-Tsuo Lee, Fair Trade Commission, Chinese Taipei Competition Policies and Laws from the Business View Point, by Kerin M. Vautier and Robert Scollay, New Zealand, 18-21 March, Bangkok, Thailand Competition Policy in a Global Economy: Towards a New Multilateral Framework/ by Mr. Philippe Brusick, DITC, UNCTD. 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The System of Competition Policy and Law, by Mitsuo Matsushita, APEC/PFP Course in Competition Policy, 18-21 March 1997, Bangkok, Thailand. Objectives, Role and Operation of Competition Policies and Laws: Australian Experience, by Associate Professor David K. Round, APEC/PFP Course in Competition Policy, 18-21 March 1997, Bangkok, Thailand. Competition Law and Policy in Korea (APEC/PFP Course in "Competition Policy" for APEC Member Economies) 18-21 March, 1997, Bangkok, Thailand Keep Competition at Bay, by Conrad M. Carino, Business World, June 18, 1997, p. 32 Hilmer Report: National Competition Policy, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 1993