Statistical Data
<Number of Corrective Measures by Types of Violations>
(Warning or higher, number of cases)
Year Types |
81 89 | 90 | 91 | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | Total |
Abuse of dominant
position Merger restriction1) Violation of anti-concentration measures Undue collaborative acts Anti-competitive acts by trade associations Unfair business practices (In-house trade of large business groups) (Market-dominating firms) Unfair international contract2) |
9 292 39 53 155 1,506 - 1,569 |
2 12 21
12 23 177 -
|
- 22 3
20 31 335 - 254 |
6 19 37
9 45 292 57 |
2 24 5
16 58 320 (25) (41) 113 |
1 13 8
19 56 337 (45) (16) 55 |
3 23 3
26 40 353 (16) (67) 40 |
1 36 14
36 66 337 (6) (33) 26 |
24 442 130
191 474 3,657 (92) (157) 2,338 |
Sum | 3,624 |
471 |
665 |
465 |
538 |
489 |
488 |
516 |
7,256 |
Unfair standardized
contracts Unfair subcontract transaction3) |
17 812 |
10 97 |
8 199 |
8 149 |
27 218 |
71 224 |
51 387 |
56 494 |
248 2,580 |
Total | 4,453 |
578 |
872 |
622 |
783 |
784 |
926 |
1,066 |
10,084 |
Note: 1) Mostly violations of the deadline for merger reporting.
2) Including corrective measures for international contracts.
3) Including coordination by Subcontracting Dispute Settlement Council
<Number of Corrections by Types of Measures Taken>
Number of corrections by types of measures : 16 reports (1.5%), 249
corrective orders (23.4%),
179 corrective recommendations (16.8%), 4 requests for correction
(0.4%), 618 warnings (60%)
(above warning, numbers)
Year Types |
81 89 | 90 | 91 | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | Total |
Reports (surcharge) |
17 (-) |
5 (-) |
9 (-) |
8 (-) |
7 (-) |
13 (-) |
33 (2) |
16 (1) |
108 (3) |
Corrective order (surcharge) |
651 (1) |
84 (-) |
173 (1) |
159 (9) |
219 (24) |
207 (68) |
199 (49) |
249 (21) |
1,941 (173) |
request for correction | 6 |
1 |
2 |
- |
3 |
4 |
3 |
4 |
23 |
corrective recommendation | 553 |
68 |
78 |
39 |
58 |
108 |
119 |
179 |
1,202 |
warning1) | 3,226 |
420 |
610 |
416 |
496 |
452 |
572 |
618 |
6,810 |
Total | 4,453 |
578 |
872 |
622 |
783 |
784 |
926 |
1,066 |
10,084 |
Note: 1) Including corrective measures on international contracts
and coordination by Subcontracting Dispute
Settlement Council
<Information> 1. Reports, surcharges, payment orders,
corrective orders, and corrective recommendations
are based on resolution and corrective recommendation documents.
2. Warnings are based on enterprises subject to warnings.
<Measures taken by types of violations and measures>
(1981-1996)
Types of measures
|
Report | Surcharge | Corrective order | corrective Requests |
Corrective recommendation | Warning | Total |
Abuse of market-dominating position | - | 1 (1) |
14 (1) |
- | 5 (-) |
5 (-) |
24 (1) |
Restrict business combination | 1 (-) |
- | 3 (1) |
- | - | 438 (35) |
442 (36) |
Violation of policies aimed at easing economic concentration | 4 (2) |
15 (1) |
49 (8) |
- | 8 (-) |
69 (4) |
130 (14) |
Undue collaborative acts | 3 (-) |
24 (13) |
65 (19) |
- | 34 (6) |
89 (11) |
191 (36) |
Anti-competitive acts by trade associations | 13 (4) |
- | 177 (16) |
- | 61 (28) |
223 (18) |
474 (66) |
Unfair business practices | 39 (1) |
136 (7) |
1,065 (121) |
- | 767 (89) |
1,786 (126) |
3,657 (337) |
Unfair international contracts | - | - | - | - | 80 (12) |
2,258 (14) |
2,338 (26) |
Unfair standardized contracts | - | - | 44 (8) |
23 (4) |
181 (44) |
- | 248 (56) |
Unfair subcontract transactions | 48 (9) |
- | 524 (75) |
- | 66 (-) |
1,942 (410) |
2,580 (494) |
Total | 108 (16) |
176 (22) |
1,941 (249) |
23 (4) |
1,202 (179) |
6,810 (618) |
10,084 (1,066) |
Note: 1) Surcharges have been excluded from the total
as they are incorporated into reports and corrective
orders.
2) The number of corrective
measures imposed on unfair international contracts are included in the
number of
warnings.
3) The number of mediations made by
the Subcontract Dispute Mediation Council is included in the
number of
warnings.
* The number in the ( ) indicates the number of corrections in 1996
<Number of cases processed in the most recent three years>
(1) 1994-1996 (three years)
Registered |
Processed |
||||||||||||
Distinction
Types of violations |
by reports | by investigations | Total | Reports (Surcharges) | Corrective orders (Surcharges) | Corrective recommendations | Corrective requests | Warnings and etc. | Total for warnings and above |
Others | Total | ||
Warnings | Mediations | Sum | |||||||||||
T o t a l
Abuse of market- Restriction of business combination Relaxing economic concentration Undue collaborative acts Trade associations
Unfair business activities
PRefusal to deal
PDiscriminatory PExclusion of competitor
- Gifts
- Other inducement of customers PCoercive transaction PAbuse of superior position
PInterference in business activities PRepresentations and advertisements PUnfair assistance
Unfair international Unfair subcontract Transactions Unfair standardized contracts |
3,003
5
4
10
66
150
1,215
158
22
26
157
104
19
34
56
256
33
25
476
0
6
108
1,234 211 |
1,166
2
74
33
51
53
536 10
70
4
112
75
33
4
19
180
16
0
121
0
4
14
356 47 |
4,169
7
78
43
117
203
1,751 168
92
30
269
179
52
38
75
436
49
25
597
0
10
122
1,590
258 |
62(3)
0(0)
0(0) 2(0)
2(0)
5(0) 27(3) 1(0)
3(1)
0(0)
1(0)
1(0)
0(0)
0(0)
14(0)
1(0)
0(0)
0(0)
7(2)
0(0)
0(0)
0(0)
26(0)
0(0) |
655(138)
3 (1)
1 (0)
15 (6)
37(21)
53 (0) 380(110) 22 (5)
55 (47)
3 (1)
66(17)
41(15)
17 (0)
8 (2)
35(11)
70 (9)
18 (8)
1 (0)
106(12)
0 (0)
4 (0)
0 (0)
130 (0)
36 (0) |
406
2
0
0
7
30 223 3
0
2
16
9
6
1
5
127
12
0
57
0
1
12
1
131 |
11
0
0
0
0
0 0 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11 |
1,176 0
71
8
35
74 397 26
12
1
103
75
24 4
3
42
6
1
199
0
4
1
590
0 |
466
0
0
0
0
0 0 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
108
358
0 |
1,642
0
71
8
35
74 397 26
12
1
103
75
24
4
3
42
6
1
199
0
4
109
948
0 |
2,778
5
72
25
81
162 1,027 52
70
6
186
126
47
13
57
240
36
2
369
0
9
121
1,105
178 |
926
2
3
16
29
31 541 87
19
17
50
25
6
19
22
127
11
17
190
0
1
1
258
45 |
3,702
7
75
41
110
193 1,568 139
89
23
236
151
53
32
79
367
47
19
559
0
10
122
1,363
223 |
Note: 1) Based on the dates of initiation of investigations.
2) Based on the date of measures taken
3) Mediation refers to mediations of subcontract cases and corrections of international contracts.
4) Dismissal, rejection, suspension of investigation, case closed, judgment and so on.
<Number of corrections for types of violations>
(above warnings)
Year
Types |
81 89 | 90 | 91 | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | Total |
Unfair refusal to deal
Unfair discrimination
Exclusion of competitor
Unfair inducement of customer (unfair gift-offering)
(Special discount sales) (Unfair customer inducement)
Coercive trading Abuse of superior position Conditional trading
Interference in business activities Unfair representation and advertisement
Resale price Maintenance
Coercive trading, exclusion of competitor, and etc. |
18
-
-
290
(96)
(194)
- 121
-
175 44
66
|
1
-
-
58
(43)
(15)
- 7 11
-
29 8
4 |
3
-
-
43
(36)
(7)
- 23 14
-
52
14
2 |
1
-
-
48
(28)
(20)
- 45 17
-
25
16
5
|
10
26
2
95
(63)
(28) (4)
5 59 11
-
100
- |
20
46
2
47
(25)
(17) (5)
28 37
-
142
- |
15
17
2
60
(45)
(12) (3)
22 118
1
97
-
|
17
7
2
79
(56)
(18) (5)
7 85
1
130
- |
85
96
8
720
(392)
(311) (17)
62 495
2 ?/font> 750
77 |
Total | 749 | 118 | 151 | 157 | 320 | 337 | 353 | 337 | 2,522 |
Note: 1. Between 1981 and 1992, there could be two or more types of
violations for each case. (Beginning in
1993, only
one representative violation was accounted for each violation).
2. Between 1981 and 1992, measures
of corrective recommendations and above. Since 1993,
measures of
warnings and above.
<Present status of reports and authorizations >
|
year
Type
|
81 89 | 90 | 91 | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | Total | |
Reports | Business combinations
Establishment of trade |
1,846
1,026
6,316 |
157
90
1,269 |
154
188
1,064 |
149
176
1,066 |
123
91
910 |
195
596
768 |
325
1,259
166 |
393
2,759
- |
3,342
6,185
11,559 |
Sum | 9,188 | 1,516 | 1,406 | 1,391 | 1,124 | 1,559 | 1,750 | 3,152 | 21,086 | |
Authorizations (Registrations)? |
Collaborative acts
Anti-competitive acts
|
4
138 |
-
- |
-
- |
-
- |
-
- |
-
- |
-
- |
-
- |
4
138 |
Sum | 142 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 142 |
Note: 1. Prior to the first revision of the Fair Trade Act in
December 1986, collaborative acts were subject to
registration; however, following the revision, they became subject to authorization.
2. As of the end of 1996, all four
cases relating to collaborative acts by enterprises were relating to
suspension
of such acts. With respect to anti-competitive acts by trade associations, 137 were
relating to
the suspension of such acts.
3. The number of international contracts
reported are those reported by March 1995. (Following revision
of the Act,
as of April 1, 1995, obligation to report was abolished).