Statistical Data

 


<Number of Corrective Measures by Types of Violations>

(Warning or higher, number of cases)

Year 

Types

81  89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 Total
Abuse of dominant position 
 
Merger restriction1) 

Violation of anti-concentration measures 

Undue collaborative acts 

Anti-competitive acts by trade associations

Unfair business practices

(In-house trade of large business groups) 

(Market-dominating firms) 

Unfair international contract2)

9

292

39

 53

155

1,506

-

 


1,569

2

12

21

 

12

23

177




224

-

22

3

 

20

31

335




254

6

19

37

 

9

45

292 




57

2

24

5

 

16

58

320

(25)

(41)

113

1

13

8

 

19

56

337

(45)

(16)

55

3

23

3

 

26

40

353

(16)

(67)

40

1

36

14

 

36

66

337

(6)

(33)

26

24

442

130

 

191

474

3,657

(92)

(157)

2,338

Sum 

3,624

471

665

465

538

489

488

516

7,256

Unfair standardized contracts 
 
Unfair subcontract transaction3)

17

812

10

97

8

199

8

149

27

218

71

224

51

387

56

494

248

2,580

Total

4,453

578

872

622

783

784

926

1,066

10,084

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Note: 1) Mostly violations of the deadline for merger reporting.


<Number of Corrections by Types of Measures Taken>  

(above warning, numbers)

Year 

Types 

81  89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 Total
Reports 

(surcharge)

17

(-)

5

(-)

9

(-)

8

(-)

7

(-)

13

(-)

33

(2)

16

(1)

108

(3)

Corrective order 

(surcharge)

651

(1)

84

(-)

173

(1)

159

(9)

219

(24)

207

(68)

199

(49)

249

(21)

1,941

(173)

request for correction

6

1

2

-

3

4

3

4

23

corrective recommendation

553

68

78

39

58

108

119

179

1,202

warning1)

3,226

420

610

416

496

452

572

618

6,810

Total

4,453

578

872

622

783

784

926

1,066

10,084

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Note: 1) Including corrective measures on international contracts and coordination by Subcontracting Dispute
               Settlement Council

<Information> 1. Reports, surcharges, payment orders, corrective orders, and corrective recommendations
                             are based on resolution and corrective recommendation documents.
                         2. Warnings are based on enterprises subject to warnings.


<Measures taken by types of violations and measures> 

(1981-1996)

 

Types of measures 


Types of violations

Report Surcharge Corrective order corrective 
Requests
Corrective recommendation Warning Total
Abuse of market-dominating position -

(1)

14 

(1)

-

(-)

(-)

24 

(1)

Restrict business combination

(-)

-

(1)

- 438 

(35)

442 

(36)

Violation of policies aimed at easing economic concentration 

(2)

15 

(1)

49 

(8)

-

(-)

69 

(4)

130 

(14)

Undue collaborative acts

(-)

24 

(13)

65 

(19)

- 34 

(6)

89 

(11)

191 

(36)

Anti-competitive acts by trade associations 13 

(4)

- 177

(16)

- 61 

(28)

223 

(18)

474 

(66)

Unfair business practices  39

(1)

136 

(7)

1,065 

(121)

- 767 

(89)

1,786

(126)

3,657 

(337)

Unfair international contracts - - - - 80 

(12)

2,258 

(14)

2,338 

(26)

Unfair standardized contracts - - 44 

(8)

23 

(4)

181 

(44)

- 248 

(56)

Unfair subcontract transactions 48 

(9)

- 524 

(75)

- 66 

(-)

1,942 

(410)

2,580 

(494)

Total 108 

(16)

176 

(22)

1,941 

(249)

23

(4)

1,202 

(179)

6,810

(618)

10,084 

(1,066)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Note: 1) Surcharges have been excluded from the total as they are incorporated into reports and corrective
               orders.
          2) The number of corrective measures imposed on unfair international contracts are included in the
              number of warnings.
          3) The number of mediations made by the Subcontract Dispute Mediation Council is included in the
              number of warnings.
* The number in the ( ) indicates the number of corrections in 1996


<Number of cases processed in the most recent three years>

(1) 1994-1996 (three years)

Registered

Processed

Distinction  

 

Types of violations

by reports by investigations Total Reports (Surcharges) Corrective orders (Surcharges) Corrective recommendations Corrective requests Warnings and etc. Total 
for 
warnings and above
Others  Total
Warnings Mediations Sum
T o t a l

 

Abuse of market- 
Dominating position 

Restriction of business combination

Relaxing economic concentration

Undue collaborative acts 

Trade associations 

 

Unfair business activities 

 

PRefusal to deal 

 

PDiscriminatory  
treatment 
 

PExclusion of competitor 


PUnfair inducement of customers 

- Gifts 


- Special discount 
sales 

- Other inducement of customers 

PCoercive transaction 

 PAbuse of superior position 


PConditional trading 

PInterference in business activities 

PRepresentations and advertisements 

PUnfair assistance 


PResale price maintenance 

Unfair international
Contracts 

Unfair subcontract Transactions 

Unfair standardized contracts 

3,003 

 

5

 

4

 

10

 

66

 

150

 

1,215


158

 

22

 

26

 

157

 

104

 

19 

 

34 

 

56 

 

256 

 

33 

 

25 

 

476 

 

 

 

108 

 

1,234 
 
 

211

1,166 

 

 

74

 

33 

 

51 

 

53

 

536 

 

10

 

70 

 

 

112

 

75 

 

33 

 

 

19 

 

180

 

16 

 

 

121 

 

 

 

14 

 

356 
 
 

47

4,169 

 

 

78 

 

43 

 

117 

 

203 
 

 

1,751 

 
 

168 

 

92 

 

30 

 

269 

 

179 

 

52 

 

38 

 

75 

 

436 

 

49 

 

25 

 

597 

 

 

10 

 

122 

 

1,590 

 

258 

62(3) 

 

0(0) 

 

0(0) 
 
 

2(0) 

 

2(0) 

 

5(0) 

 
 

27(3) 

 
 

1(0) 

 

3(1) 

 

0(0) 

 

1(0) 

 

1(0)

 

0(0) 

 

0(0) 

 

14(0) 

 

1(0) 

 

0(0) 

 

0(0) 

 

7(2) 

 

0(0) 

 

0(0) 

 

0(0) 

 

26(0) 

 

0(0)

655(138) 

 

3 (1) 

 

1 (0) 

 

15 (6) 

 

37(21) 

 

53 (0) 

 
 

380(110) 

 
 

22 (5) 

 

55 (47) 

 

3 (1) 

 

66(17)

 

41(15) 

 

17 (0) 

 

8 (2) 

 

35(11)

 

70 (9)

 

18 (8) 

 

1 (0) 

 

106(12) 

 

0 (0) 

 

4 (0) 

 

0 (0) 

 

130 (0) 

 

36 (0)

406 

 

 

 

 

 

30 

 
 

223 

 
 

 

 

 

16 

 

 

 

1  

 

 

127 

 

12 

 

 

57 

 

 

 

12 

 

 

131

11 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

11

1,176 
 
 

 

71 

 

 

35 

 

74 

 
 

397 

 
 

26 

 

12 

 

 

103 

 

75 

 

24 
 
 

 

 

42 

 

 

 

199 

 

 

 

 

590 

 

0

466 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

108 

 

358 

 

0

1,642 

 

 

71 

 

 

35 

 

74 

 
 

397 

 
 

26 

 

12 

 

 

103 

 

75 

 

24 

 

 

 

42 

 

 

 

199 

 

0  

 

4  

 

109 

 

948 

 

0

2,778 

 

 

72 

 

25 

 

81 

 

162 

 
 

1,027 

 
 

52 

 

70 

 

 

186 

 

126 

 

47 

 

13 

 

57 

 

240 

 

36 

 

 

369 

 

 

 

121 

 

1,105 

 

178

926 

 

 

 

16 

 

29 

 

31 

 

541 

 
 

87 

 

19 

 

17 

 

50 

 

25 

 

 

19 

 

22 

 

127 

 

11 

 

17 

 

190 

 

 

 

 

258 

 

45

3,702 

 

 

75 

 

41 

 

110 

 

193 
 
 
 

1,568 

 
 

139 

 

89 

 

23 

 

236 

 

151 

 

53 

 

32 

 

79 

 

367 

 

47 

 

19 

 

559 

 

 

10 

 

122 

 

1,363 

 

223

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Note: 1) Based on the dates of initiation of investigations.


   <Number of corrections for types of violations>

  (above warnings)

Year 

 

Types

81  89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 Total
Unfair refusal to deal 

 

Unfair discrimination 

 

Exclusion of competitor 

 

Unfair inducement of customer 

(unfair gift-offering) 

 

(Special discount sales) 

(Unfair customer inducement) 

 

Coercive trading 

Abuse of superior position 

Conditional trading 

 

Interference in business activities 

Unfair representation and advertisement 

 

Resale price Maintenance 

 

Coercive trading, exclusion of competitor, and etc.

18 

 

 

 

290 

 

(96) 

 

(194) 

 

 

121 

 
35 

 

 

175 

 

44 
 

 

66 

 

 

 

 

58 

 

(43) 

 

(15) 

 

 


 

11 

 

 

29 

 
 


 

 

4

 

 

 

43 

 

(36) 

 

(7) 

 

 

23 
 

14 

 

 

52 


 

14 
 

 

2

 

 

 

48 

 

(28) 

 

(20) 

 

 

45 
 

17 

 

 

25 


 

16 
 

 

 

10 

 

26 

 

 

95 

 

(63) 

 

(28) 

(4) 

 

59 
 

11 

 

 

100 

 

 
12 

 
 

-

20 

 

46 

 

 

47 

 

(25) 

 

(17) 

(5) 

 

28 

37 

 
12 

 

 

142 

 

 

 

 

-

15 

 

17 

 

 

60 

 

(45) 

 

(12) 

(3) 

 

22 

118 

 
20 

 

 

97 

 

 

 
 

 

17 

 

 

 

79 

 

(56) 

 

(18) 

(5) 

 

85 

 

 

 

130 

 

 

 
 

-

85 

 

96 

 

 

720 

 

(392) 

 

(311) 

(17) 

 

62 

495 

 
124 

 

?/font>

750

 


103

 

77

Total 749 118 151 157 320 337 353 337 2,522

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Note: 1. Between 1981 and 1992, there could be two or more types of violations for each case. (Beginning in
              1993, only one representative violation was accounted for each violation).
          2. Between 1981 and 1992, measures of corrective recommendations and above. Since 1993,
              measures of warnings and above.


<Present status of reports and authorizations > 

 


 
  •  In accordance with the stipulations of the Fair Trade Act (the Act), enterprises and trade associations are subject to the duty of reporting business combinations (Article 12 of the Act) and establishment of trade associations (Article 25 of the Act). 
  •  Enterprises may engage in collaborative acts and trade associations in anti-competitive acts after obtaining authorizations from the Fair Trade Commission (Article 19(1) proviso and Article 26(2) of the Act).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

year 

 

Type 

 

81  89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 Total
Reports Business combinations 

 

Establishment of trade 
associations 

 
International contracts

1,846 

 

1,026 

 

6,316

157 

 

90 

 

1,269

154 

 

188 

 

1,064

149 

 

176 

 

1,066

123 

 

91 

 

910

195 

 

596 

 

768

325 

 

1,259 

 

166

393 

 

2,759 

 

-

3,342 

 

6,185 

 

11,559

Sum 9,188 1,516 1,406 1,391 1,124 1,559 1,750 3,152 21,086
 

Authorizations (Registrations)?

Collaborative acts 

 

Anti-competitive acts 

 

 

138

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

138

Sum 142 - - - - - - - 142

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Note: 1. Prior to the first revision of the Fair Trade Act in December 1986, collaborative acts were subject to
              registration; however, following the revision, they became subject to authorization.
          2. As of the end of 1996, all four cases relating to collaborative acts by enterprises were relating to
              suspension of such acts. With respect to anti-competitive acts by trade associations, 137 were
              relating to the suspension of such acts.
         3. The number of international contracts reported are those reported by March 1995. (Following revision
              of the Act, as of  April 1, 1995, obligation to report was abolished).